As seasons change, many people experience symptoms that leave them feeling under the weather. Given their similar symptoms, many wonder if they have caught a cold or flu (or influenza). These illnesses are viral respiratory infections that are common in colder months. Although they may seem similar, there are important differences between them. Understanding these differences can help in choosing the proper treatment. Let’s look at how to differentiate the illnesses.
Brief Overview of Cold and Flu
Cold and flu are illnesses caused by viruses that affect the respiratory system. However, the viral strains causing these illnesses are different. Studies have shown that over 200 viruses can cause a cold. However, the most common cold virus is the rhinovirus. This virus causes an infection in the nose, throat, sinuses, and windpipe. On the other hand, the flu is only caused by the influenza virus.
While these illnesses share some symptoms, they differ in onset, duration, and severity. Typically, influenza is worse than the common cold, as its symptoms are more intense. Ultimately, knowing the differences is critical in determining the best course of action for recovery.
Differences Between Common Cold and Flu
Although differentiating both illnesses can be difficult, it is not impossible. Here are some of the ways to distinguish them:
Symptom Onset: Gradual vs. Sudden
It is easy to tell a cold from influenza by how quickly symptoms begin. Common cold symptoms start gradually and take a few days to set in fully. You may experience a sore throat and then a runny nose in the early stages. As the infection progresses, cough or congestion might set in. The gradual build-up of symptoms makes the common cold easier to manage. Although it can still be uncomfortable, infected individuals can continue their daily activities.
On the other hand, influenza symptoms develop suddenly and more severely. One day, you may feel perfectly fine; the next, you feel sick in bed. This sudden onset of symptoms, including body aches and fatigue, makes it difficult for individuals to function properly.
Fever: Common in Influenza, Rare in Cold
Another way to differentiate between both sicknesses is through a fever. In adults, a cold will rarely cause a high fever. At most, one would experience sneezing, coughing, or a stuffy nose. The flu, however, develops with a high fever. In most cases, the fever ranges from 100°F to 102°F, or even higher. It comes with chills and sweating, making it difficult to regulate the body temperature.
Duration of Symptoms: Brief vs. Prolonged
Common cold lasts for a shorter duration, unlike the flu. Although there is no cure for colds, symptoms tend to resolve within a week. In some cases, a cough might persist for a few more days. However, most infected persons will return to normal after about a week. In contrast, influenza symptoms can last longer. Some people experience fatigue and weakness for weeks, even after the worst phase.
Fatigue and Muscle Aches: Mild vs Intense
The level of fatigue and muscle aches is another key difference between these illnesses. With a common cold, you may feel slightly tired. However, many people can still carry out their daily activities. Also, muscle aches can be present, but they aren’t so intense. On the other hand, the flu is known for causing severe fatigue and muscle aches, as infected people often feel tired and struggle to get out of bed. Unfortunately, this exhaustion and soreness can last several days, even after other symptoms improve.
How to Treat and Prevent the Illnesses
In most cases, rest and hydration help resolve symptoms of these sicknesses. In addition, over-the-counter medications can be used to relieve symptoms like cough and fever. However, antiviral medications may be prescribed since influenza can lead to more serious complications. Although treatment is very important, prevention is also critical. Flu vaccines are widely available and recommended yearly. Also, good hygiene practices, including hand washing, can help prevent both sicknesses. Most importantly, avoiding close contact with sick individuals shouldn’t be taken for granted.
Conclusion
There are important differences to be aware of when dealing with cold and flu. The sudden onset of severe symptoms like fever is usually a sign of influenza. However, the gradual onset of milder symptoms suggests a cold. Understanding these differences can help you seek the right treatment and recover quickly. Also, maintain healthy hygiene and avoid things that can make you sick.
Disclaimer: This article is intended simply to provide information. It does not replace the medical advice of a physician. Please speak with your doctor if you have any questions or concerns.
