Fever is a common symptom that generally raises concerns, but it’s important to understand that this situation usually is a sign that the body is working properly. It is fighting off an infection or illness. While this situation can make people feel uncomfortable, it is a natural response by the body in most situations. Having a high temperature is not always a cause for an individual to panic. In this article, we break down what a fever is, what causes one, and how to care for the self or a loved one when it happens.
The Fever Explained
A fever is an increase in the person’s body temperature, and it is above the normal range, which is around 98.6°F (37°C). It happens when the body’s immune system responds to an infection or other sickness that is attacking the body. They are most often caused by viral or bacterial infections, but they can also be triggered by other issues, such as:
- Heat exhaustion
- Inflammatory conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis)
- Immunizations
- Teething in babies
- Side effects of medications
How to Tell if Your Temp is Too High
The most reliable way to detect a fever is by taking the person’s temperature with a thermometer. Below is a general guide to understanding the results of a temperature reading:
- Normal temperature range: 97°F – 99°F (36.1°C – 37.2°C)
- Low-grade: 99°F – 100.4°F (37.2°C – 38°C)
- Moderate: 100.4°F – 103°F (38°C – 39.4°C)
- High: 103°F – 105°F (39.4°C – 40.5°C)
In addition to a higher-than-normal temperature, other symptoms connected with fever include:
- Chills and shivering
- Sweating
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Fatigue or weakness
- Loss of appetite
The Time to Worry
In many cases, a mild temperature will resolve on its own. As the body fights off the infection, internal temps will drop. However, certain situations require medical attention:
- Babies under 3 months with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible.
- Children aged 3 months to 3 years with a temperature of 102°F (38.9°C) or higher or if they’re experiencing lethargy, irritability, or difficulty breathing.
- Adults with a temperature over 103°F (39.4°C) or lasting more than three days should consult a healthcare provider.
Fever accompanied by other symptoms, such as a rash, vomiting, confusion, difficulty breathing, or severe headache, should be addressed with a sense of urgency.
What to Do When You Have One
If you or someone close has a fever, here are some steps to take:
Stay Hydrated: One of the most important things to do when you have a high temp is to drink plenty of fluids. Fever causes sweating,and that can lead to dehydration. Water, clear broths, electrolyte drinks, or even something as simple as ice chips can help keep you hydrated.
Rest: Your body needs energy to fight off infections, so getting plenty of rest is essential. Stay home from work or school, limit physical activity, and let your body recover.
Use Fever-Reducing Medications: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can help lower a temperature and relieve discomfort. Be sure to follow the recommended dosage instructions and consult a doctor before giving medications to children or infants.
Dress Comfortably: Wear light clothing and use a light blanket if needed. Overbundling can cause your body temperature to rise further. If you’re feeling cold and shivery, use a blanket but avoid overheating.
Cool Compresses: Applying a cool, damp washcloth to your forehead, neck, or wrists can help reduce body temperature and provide some relief from discomfort. Avoid cold baths or ice packs, as these can cause shivering and raise body temperature further.
Monitor Temperature: Keep an eye on your temperature to see if it’s rising or falling. If you’re caring for a child, monitor their behavior as well. If the fever persists or worsens, or if it reaches a high level, seek medical attention.
What Not to Do During a Fever
It’s equally important to know what not to do when managing the problem. Avoid overmedicating. Only use fever-reducing medications if necessary, and avoid doubling up on medications that contain the same ingredients. Don’t try to “sweat out” a fever by wearing extra layers of clothing or bundling up in heavy blankets. This can actually raise your body temperature. Also, don’t take cold baths or use ice packs on the body, as they can cause a rapid change in body temperature and increase discomfort.
When to See a Doctor
In most cases, a fever will run its course and resolve without medical intervention. However, seek professional care if any of the following occurs:
- The fever persists for more than three days in adults or children.
- A child has a fever of 104°F (40°C) or higher or is younger than 3 months with a temp of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.
- Severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, confusion, or seizures accompany the fever.
- You have an underlying condition such as heart disease, diabetes, or a weakened immune system and develop the body temperature.
Concluding Thoughts on Fevers
A fever is often your body’s natural response to fighting an infection, but knowing how to manage it is key to staying comfortable and avoiding complications. Hydration, rest, and appropriate use of fever-reducing medications can make a big difference in how you feel. While most fevers aren’t a cause for panic, it’s important to recognize when a high temp may signal something more serious and require medical attention. Understanding these simple steps can help you or your loved ones recover more smoothly when this condition strikes.
Disclaimer: This article is intended simply to provide information. It does not replace the medical advice of a physician or other medical professional. Please speak with your doctor or therapist if you have any questions or concerns.
